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Question 4

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Carry out these same steps with a few 3-digit numbers. What number will start repeating?

Question diagram 1
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Solution

We will follow the steps in the diagram. We will use 3-digit numbers. We will find a repeating number.

Step 1 — First calculation

Let us pick a 3-digit number. We choose 123. Its digits are 1, 2, and 3. We make the largest number (A). A=321A = 321 We make the smallest number (B). B=123B = 123 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=321123C = 321 - 123

C=198\boxed{C = 198}

Diagram 1

Step 2 — Second calculation

Now we use the digits of C. C is 198. Its digits are 1, 9, and 8. We make the largest number (A). A=981A = 981 We make the smallest number (B). B=189B = 189 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=981189C = 981 - 189

C=792\boxed{C = 792}

Step 3 — Third calculation

Now we use the digits of C. C is 792. Its digits are 7, 9, and 2. We make the largest number (A). A=972A = 972 We make the smallest number (B). B=279B = 279 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=972279C = 972 - 279

C=693\boxed{C = 693}

Step 4 — Fourth calculation

Now we use the digits of C. C is 693. Its digits are 6, 9, and 3. We make the largest number (A). A=963A = 963 We make the smallest number (B). B=369B = 369 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=963369C = 963 - 369

C=594\boxed{C = 594}

Step 5 — Fifth calculation

Now we use the digits of C. C is 594. Its digits are 5, 9, and 4. We make the largest number (A). A=954A = 954 We make the smallest number (B). B=459B = 459 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=954459C = 954 - 459

C=495\boxed{C = 495}

Step 6 — Sixth calculation

Now we use the digits of C. C is 495. Its digits are 4, 9, and 5. We make the largest number (A). A=954A = 954 We make the smallest number (B). B=459B = 459 We subtract B from A. This gives C. C=ABC = A - B C=954459C = 954 - 459

C=495\boxed{C = 495} The number 495 is repeating.

Answer

The number that will start repeating is 495.

More questions in A

Q1

Complete Table 2 with 5-digit numbers whose digits are ‘1’, ‘0’, ‘6’, ‘3’, and ‘9’ in some order. Only a coloured cell should have a number greater than all its neighbours.

The biggest number in the table is _________ . The smallest even number in the table is _________ . The smallest number greater than 50,000 in the table is _________ . Once you have filled the table above, put commas appropriately after the thousands digit.

Q2

Will reversing and adding numbers repeatedly, starting with a 2-digit number, always give a palindrome? Explore and find out.*

Q3

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Take different 4-digit numbers and try carrying out these steps. Find out what happens. Check with your friends what they got.

Q4

Explore

Carry out these same steps with a few 3-digit numbers. What number will start repeating?

Q5

Make some more Collatz sequences like those above, starting with your favourite whole numbers. Do you always reach 1?

Do you believe the conjecture of Collatz that all such sequences will eventually reach 1? Why or why not?

Q6

The first player says 1, 2 or 3. Then the two players take turns adding 1, 2, or 3 to the previous number said. The first player to reach 21 wins!

Play this game several times with your classmate. Are you starting to see the winning strategy? Which player can always win if they play correctly? What is the pattern of numbers that the winning player should say?

Q7

The first player says a number between 1 and 10. Then the two players take turns adding a number between 1 and 10 to the previous number said. The first player to reach 99 wins!

Play this game several times with your classmate. See if you can figure out the corresponding winning strategy in this case! Which player can always win? What is the pattern of numbers that the winning player should say this time?

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