Appendix 1: Proofs in Mathematics | A1.6

Question 6

Prove by contradiction that two distinct lines in a plane cannot intersect in more than one point.

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Solution

We will assume the opposite of what we want to prove.

Step 1 — Make an assumption

Let's consider two lines. Let's call them line l and line m. We are told these lines are distinct. This means they are not the same line. We want to prove they intersect at most one point. Let's assume the opposite. Let's assume they intersect at more than one point. So, they intersect at two different points. Let's call these points A and B.

Line l passes through A and B\text{Line l passes through A and B}

Line m passes through A and B\text{Line m passes through A and B}

A and B are distinct points\boxed{\text{A and B are distinct points}}

Diagram 1

Step 2 — Find a contradiction

We have two distinct points. These are point A and point B. Line l passes through both A and B. Line m also passes through both A and B. A basic geometry rule states: "Through any two distinct points, there is exactly one line."

Line l passes through A and B\text{Line l passes through A and B}

Line m passes through A and B\text{Line m passes through A and B}

A and B are distinct points\text{A and B are distinct points}

Therefore, line l and line m must be the same line\text{Therefore, line l and line m must be the same line}

This contradicts that l and m are distinct lines\boxed{\text{This contradicts that l and m are distinct lines}}

Answer

(i) Our initial assumption was that two distinct lines intersect at more than one point. (ii) This assumption led to a contradiction with a basic geometry rule. (iii) Therefore, two distinct lines in a plane cannot intersect in more than one point.

More questions in A1.6

Q1

Suppose a+b=c+da + b = c + d, and a<ca < c. Use proof by contradiction to show b>db > d.

Q2

Let rr be a rational number and xx be an irrational number. Use proof by contradiction to show that r+xr + x is an irrational number.

Q3

Use proof by contradiction to prove that if for an integer aa, a2a^2 is even, then so is aa.

[Hint : Assume aa is not even, that is, it is of the form 2n+12n + 1, for some integer nn, and then proceed.]

Q4

Use proof by contradiction to prove that if for an integer aa, a2a^2 is divisible by 3, then aa is divisible by 3.

Q5

Use proof by contradiction to show that there is no value of nn for which 6n6^n ends with the digit zero.

Q6

Prove by contradiction that two distinct lines in a plane cannot intersect in more than one point.

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