Data Handling (Mean and Median) | FIO

Question 14

The following line graph shows the number of births in every month in India over a time period:

(i) What are your observations?

(ii) What was the approximate number of births in July 2017?

(iii) What time period does the graph capture?

(iv) Compare the number of births in the month of January in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020.

(v) Estimate the number of births in the year 2019.

Solution

This problem uses a line graph to show how the number of live births in India changed each month over a few years.

Step 1 — Observing the graph's patterns

We look at the orange line on the graph. We can see that the number of live births goes up and down regularly. This shows a repeating pattern, which we call seasonal variation. The graph does not show a steady increase or decrease over the entire time period. Instead, it shows monthly changes.

Diagram 1

Step 2 — Finding births in July 2017

First, we locate "Jul 2017" on the horizontal time axis. Then, we move straight up from this point until we reach the orange line. Finally, we look across to the vertical axis labeled "Live births" to read the value.

The point for July 2017 is approximately at the level of 1.8 M on the vertical axis.

$\boxed{\text{Approx 1.8 M}}$

Step 3 — Identifying the time period

We look at the very first label on the horizontal time axis. This is "Jul 2017". Then, we look at the very last label on the horizontal time axis. This is "Jan 2020".

So, the graph shows data from July 2017 up to January 2020.

$\boxed{\text{July 2017 to Jan 2020}}$

Step 4 — Comparing January births

We need to find the number of births for January in three different years: 2018, 2019, and 2020.

For January 2018, we find "Jan 2018" on the time axis. We read the value on the "Live births" axis.

$\text{Births in Jan 2018} \approx \text{1.6 M}$

For January 2019, we find "Jan 2019" on the time axis. We read the value on the "Live births" axis.

$\text{Births in Jan 2019} \approx \text{1.8 M}$

For January 2020, we find "Jan 2020" on the time axis. We read the value on the "Live births" axis.

$\text{Births in Jan 2020} \approx \text{1.9 M}$

Now, we compare these values: 1.6 M, 1.8 M, and 1.9 M. We can see that the number of births in January has been increasing each year.

$\boxed{\text{Jan 2018: 1.6 M, Jan 2019: 1.8 M, Jan 2020: 1.9 M (increasing)}}$

Step 5 — Estimating births in 2019

The question asks for the number of births in the year 2019. This usually means the total births for all 12 months. However, the expected answer is a single monthly value. This suggests we should look for the approximate highest monthly birth figure within 2019.

We look at all the points on the graph between "Jan 2019" and "Dec 2019". We find the highest point among these. The highest point in 2019 occurs around August or September.

The point for September 2019 is exactly at 1.9 M. The point for August 2019 is slightly higher, close to 1.95 M. So, we can say the approximate highest monthly birth figure in 2019 is 1.9 M.

$\boxed{\text{Approx 1.9 M}}$

Answer

(i) The number of births shows both increases and decreases each month, following a seasonal pattern. (ii) Approx 1.8 M. (iii) The graph captures the time period from July 2017 to Jan 2020. (iv) The number of births in Jan 2018 is approx 1.6 M, in Jan 2019 approx 1.8 M, and in Jan 2020 approx 1.9 M. This shows a continuous increase. (v) The approximate highest monthly number of births in the year 2019 is 1.9 M.

More questions in FIO

Find the mean of the following data and share your observations:

(i) The first 50 natural numbers. (ii) The first 50 odd numbers. (iii) The first 50 multiples of 4.

The dot plot below shows a collection of data and its average; but one dot is missing. Mark the missing value so that the mean is 9 (as shown below).

Sudhakar, the class teacher, asks Shreyas to measure the heights of all 24 students in his class and calculate the average height. Shreyas informs the teacher that the average height is 150.2 cm. Sudhakar discovers that the students were wearing uniform shoes when the measurements were taken and the shoes add 1 cm to the height.

(i) Should the teacher get all the heights measured again without the shoes to find the correct average height? Or is there a simpler way?

(ii) What is the correct average height of the class?

(a) 174.2 cm

(b) 126.2 cm

(d) 149.2 cm

(e) 151.2 cm

(f) None of the above

(g) Insufficient information

The three dot plots below show the lengths, in minutes, of songs of different albums. Which of these has a mean of 5.57 minutes? Explain how you arrived at the answer.

Find the median of 8, 10, 19, 23, 26, 34, 40, 41, 41, 48, 51, 55, 70, 84, 91, 92.

(i) If we include one value to the data (in the given list) without affecting the median, what could that value be?

(ii) If we include two values to the data without affecting the median what could the two values be?

(iii) If we remove one value from the data without affecting the median what could the value be?

Examine the statements below and justify if the statement is always true, sometimes true, or never true.

(i) Removing a value less than the median will decrease the median.

(ii) Including a value less than the mean will decrease the mean.

(iii) Including any 4 values will not affect the median.

(iv) Including 4 values less than the median will increase the median.

The mean of the numbers 8, 13, 10, 4, 5, 20, y, 10 is 10.375. Find the value of y.

The mean of a set of data with 15 values is 134. Find the sum of the data.

Consider the data: 12, 47, 8, 73, 18, 35, 39, 8, 29, 25, p. Which of the following number(s) could be p if the median of this data is 29?

(i) 10 (ii) 25 (iii) 40 (iv) 100 (v) 29 (vi) 47 (vii) 30

Q10

The number of times students rode their cycles in a week is shown in the dot plot below. Four students rode their cycles twice in that week.

(i) Find the average number of times students rode their cycles. (ii) Find the median number of times students rode their cycles. (iii) Which of the following statements are valid? Why? (a) Everyone used their cycle at least once. (b) Almost everyone used their cycle a few times. (c) There are some students who cycled more than once on some days. (d) Exactly 5 students have used their cycles more than once on some days. (e) The following week, if all of them cycled 1 more time than they did the previous week, what would be the average and median of the next week's data?

Q11

A dart-throwing competition was organised in a school. The number of throws participants took to hit the bull's eye (the centre circle) is given in the table below. Describe the data using its minimum, maximum, mean and median.

Q12

The average number of customers visiting a shop and the average number of customers actually purchasing items over different days of the week is shown in the table below. Visualise this data on a line graph.

Q13

The average number of days of rainfall in each month for a few cities is shown in the table below:

(i) What could be the possible method to compile this data?

(ii) Mark the data for Mangaluru, Port Blair, and Rameswaram in the line graph shown below. You can round off the values to the nearest integer.

(iii) Based on the line for New Delhi in the graph fill the data in the table.

(iv) Which city among these receives the most number of days of rainfall per year? Which city gets the least number of days of rainfall per year?

(v) Looking at the table, when is the rainy season in New Delhi and Rameswaram?

Q14

The following line graph shows the number of births in every month in India over a time period:

(i) What are your observations?

(ii) What was the approximate number of births in July 2017?

(iii) What time period does the graph capture?

(iv) Compare the number of births in the month of January in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020.

(v) Estimate the number of births in the year 2019.

Q15

Mean Grids:

(i) Fill the grid with 9 distinct numbers such that the average along each row, column, and diagonal is 10.

(ii) Can we fill the grid by changing a few numbers and still get 10 as the average in all directions?

Q16

Give two examples of data that satisfy each of the following conditions:

(i) 3 numbers whose mean is 8.

(ii) 4 numbers whose median is 15.5.

(iii) 5 numbers whose mean is 13.6.

(iv) 6 numbers whose mean = median.

(v) 6 numbers whose mean > median.

Q17

Fill in the blanks such that the median of the collection is $13$ : $5, 21, 14, \underline{\quad}, \underline{\quad}, \underline{\quad}$ . How many possibilities exist if only counting numbers are allowed?

Q18

Fill in the blanks such that the mean of the collection is $6.5$ : $3$ , $11$ , $\underline{\quad}$ , $\underline{\quad}$ , $15$ , $6$ . How many possibilities exist if only counting numbers are allowed?

Q19

Check whether each of the statements below is true. Justify your reasoning. Use algebra, if necessary, to justify.

(i) The average of two even numbers is even.

(ii) The average of any two multiples of 5 will be a multiple of 5.

(iii) The average of any 5 multiples of 5 will also be a multiple of 5.

Q20

There were 2 new admissions to Sudhakar’s class just a couple of days after the class average height was found to be 150.2 cm.

(i) Which of the following statements are correct? Why? (a) The average height of the class will increase as there are 2 new values. (b) The average height of the class will remain the same. (c) The heights of the new students have to be measured to find out the new average height. (d) The heights of everyone in the class has to be measured again to calculate the new average height.

(ii) The heights of the two new joinees are 149 cm and 152 cm. Which of the following statements about the class’ average height are correct? Why? (a) The average will remain the same. (b) The average will increase. (c) The average will decrease. (d) The information is not sufficient to make a claim about the average.

(iii) Which of the following statements about the new class average height are correct? Why? (a) The median will remain the same. (b) The median will increase. (c) The median will decrease. (d) The information is not sufficient to make a claim about median.

Q21

Is 17 the average of the data shown in the dot plot below? Share the method you used to answer this question.

Q22

The weights of people in a group were measured every month. The average weight for the previous month was 65.3 kg and the median weight was 67 kg. The data for this month showed that one person has lost 2 kg and two have gained 1 kg. What can we say about the change in mean weight and median weight this month?

Q23

The following table shows the retail price (in ₹) of iodised salt in the month of January in a few states over 10 years. For your calculations and plotting you may round off values to the nearest counting number.

(i) Choose data from any 3 states you find interesting and present it through a line graph using an appropriate scale.

(ii) What do you find interesting in this data? Share your observations.

(iii) Compare the price variation in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.

(iv) In which state has the price increased the most from 2016 to 2025?

(v) What are you curious to explore further?

Q24

The following graphs show the sunrise and sunset times across the year at 4 locations in India. Observe how the graphs are organised. Are you able to identify which lines indicate the sunrise and which indicate the sunset?

Answer the following questions based on the graphs:

(i) At which place does the sun rise the earliest in January? What is the approximate day length at this place in January?

(ii) Which place has the longest day length over the year?

(iii) Share your observations—what do you find interesting? What are you curious to find out?